PV Solar Explained

What are Photovoltaic Solar Panels?

Photovoltaic Solar Panels are distinct from other forms of solar energy in that it harnesses the light produced by the sun rather than its heat. This allows the panel to continue to produce electricity even when the sky is overcast.

How does it do this?

Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity. This is done by the use of solar cells.
The solar cells are formed from several thin layers of silicon. As light falls on these layers, electrons rush from one side of the silicon to the other creating an electrical current. The greater the number of cells the greater the current produced.
A number of solar cells connected together is called a solar module. Multiple modules wired together form a Photovoltaic array.
As the electricity produced is DC (Direct Current) inverters are required to convert it to grid compliant AC (Alternating Current) which is the form we use in our homes everyday.

Module Types:

Mono-crystalline:

These are cells formed from a single silicon crystal and are more efficient than Poly Crystalline panels. They are easily identifiable being made up of uniformly stacked rounded cells. The lifespan of a mono-crystalline module is a minimum of 25 years.

Poly-crystalline:

Polycrystalline solar modules are made from multiple silicon crystals. The surface of the panels may resemble a blue fleck in appearance. They are less efficient than mono-crystalline but are also less expensive. Their durability and longevity are comparable with mono-crystalline panels.

Thin-film:

Thin-film modules have the silicon deposited directly unto the glass which covers the cells. Efficiencies in this type of module are lower than the others but continuous development in thin-film manufacturing is rapidly improving the efficiency levels.